Ionoluminescent response of several phosphor screens to keV ions of different masses

We have characterized the ionoluminescent response of several phosphor powder materials when irradiated with ions of different masses H+ ,He+ ,Ar+ accelerated to keV energies. In particular, we have determined the absolute luminosity in terms of the number of photons per incident ion emitted by luminescent screens of Y2O2S:Tb P45, Y3Al5O12 :Ce P46, Y2SiO5 :Ce P47, Y2O3 :Eu P56, and SrGa2S4 :Eu TG-green. Their ionoluminescence has been studied as a function of ion beam energy and current and ion fluency. The energy trend and mass dependence of selected experimental results are compared relative to stopping and range of ions in matter SRIM code predictions.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia FTN2003-090

Prevalence of disability in a composite ≥75 year-old population in Spain: A screening survey based on the International Classification of Functioning

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The prevalence and predictors of functional status and disability of elderly people have been studied in several European countries including Spain. However, there has been no population-based study incorporating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework as the basis for assessing disability. The present study reports prevalence rates for mild, moderate, and severe/extreme disability by the domains of activities and participation of the ICF.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Nine populations surveyed in previous prevalence studies contributed probabilistic and geographically defined samples in June 2005. The study sample was composed of 503 subjects aged ≥75 years. We implemented a two-phase screening design using the MMSE and the World Health Organization-Disability Assessment Schedule 2^ndedition (WHO-DAS II, 12 items) as cognitive and disability screening tools, respectively. Participants scoring within the positive range of the disability screening were administered the full WHO-DAS II (36 items; score range: 0-100) assessing the following areas: Understanding and communication, Getting along with people, Life activities, Getting around, Participation in society, and Self-care. Each disability area assessed by WHO-DAS II (36 items) was reported according to the ICF severity ranges (No problem, 0-4; Mild disability, 5-24; Moderate disability, 25-49; Severe/Extreme disability, 50-100).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The age-adjusted disability prevalence figures were: 39.17 ± 2.18%, 15.31 ± 1.61%, and 10.14 ± 1.35% for mild, moderate, and severe/extreme disability, respectively. Severe and extreme disability prevalence in mobility and life activities was three times higher than the average, and highest among women. Sex variations were minimal, although life activities for women of 85 years and over had more severe/extreme disability as compared to men (OR = 5.15 95% CI 3.19-8.32).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Disability is highly prevalent among the Spanish elderly. Sex- and age-specific variations of disability are associated with particular disability domains.</p

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Muticenter spanish study for perioperative stroke risk prediction after isolated coronary artery bypass surgery: The PACK2 score

[ES] Objetivos: Desarrollar un modelo predictivo multivariante del accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) intrahospitalario tras cirugía de bypass coronario. Métodos: Veintiséis mil trescientos cuarenta y siete pacientes incluidos en el estudio procedentes de 21 bases de datos de hospitales españoles. El análisis de regresión logística fue utilizado para predecir el riesgo de ACV perioperatorio (ictus o accidente isquémico transitorio). El modelo predictivo fue desarrollado a partir de un subgrupo de datos «de prueba» y validado en otro subgrupo independiente, ambos seleccionados aleatoriamente del total de la muestra. La capacidad predictiva del modelo se relacionó con el área bajo la curva ROC (ABC). Las variables consideradas fueron: preoperatorias (edad, sexo, diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial, ACV previo, insuficiencia cardiaca y/o fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo < 40%, prioridad de la intervención no electiva, arteriopatía extracardiaca, insuficiencia renal crónica y/o creatininemia &#8805; 2 mg/dl y fibrilación auricular) e intraoperatorias (cirugía coronaria con/sin circulación extracorpórea). Resultados: Incidencia global de ACV perioperatorio 1,38%. La prioridad no electiva de la cirugía (priority; OR = 2,32), arteriopatía extracardiaca (arteriopathy; OR = 1,37), insuficiencia cardiaca (cardiac; OR = 3.64) e insuficiencia renal crónica (kidney; OR = 6,78) fueron identificados como factores de riesgo independientes de ACV perioperatorio en los modelos uni y multivariante en el subgrupo de prueba; p < 0,0001; ABC = 0,77, IC del 95%, 0,73-0,82. El modelo PACK2 de ACV perioperatorio tras cirugía de bypass coronario se estableció con 1 punto para cada ítem, excepto para la insuficiencia renal crónica que se le otorgaron 2 puntos (rango 0-5 puntos); ABC = 0,76, IC del 95%, 0,72-0,80. En pacientes con puntuación PACK2 &#8805; 2 puntos, la cirugía coronaria sin circulación extracorpórea redujo la incidencia de ACV en un 2,3% cuando se comparó con el grupo con cirugía realizada con circulación extracorpórea. Conclusiones: La escala de riesgo PACK2 muestra una buena capacidad predictiva en los datos analizados y podría ser útil en la toma de decisiones y selección de pacientes de la práctica clínica.[EN] Objectives: To develop a multivariate predictive risk score of perioperative in-hospital stroke after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Methods: A total of 26,347 patients were enrolled from 21 Spanish hospital databases. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict the risk of perioperative stroke (stroke or transient ischaemic attack). The predictive scale was developed from a training set of data and validated by an independent test set, both selected randomly from the global sample. The assessment of the accuracy of prediction was related to the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The variables considered were: preoperative (age, gender, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, previous stroke, cardiac failure and/or left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%, non-elective priority of surgery, extracardiac arteriopathy, chronic kidney failure and/or serum creatinine ≥2 mg/dl, and atrial fibrillation) and intra-operative (on/off-pump). Results: The overall perioperative stroke incidence was 1.38%. Non-elective priority of surgery (priority; OR = 2.32), vascular disease (arteriopathy; OR = 1.37), heart failure (cardiac; OR = 3.64), and chronic kidney failure (kidney; OR = 6.78) were found to be independent risk factors for perioperative stroke in uni- and multivariate models in the training set of data; P < .0001; AUC = 0.77, 95% CI 0.73–0.82. The PACK2 stroke CABG score was established with 1 point for each item, except for chronic kidney failure with 2 points (range 0–5 points); AUC = 0.76, 95% CI 0.72–0.80. In patients with PACK2 score ≥2 points, off-pump reduced perioperative stoke incidence by 2.3% when compared with on-pump CABG. Conclusions: PACK2 risk scale shows good predictive accuracy in the data analysed and could be useful in clinical practice for decision making and patient selection.Martín, E.; Hornero, F.; Rodríguez, R.; Castellà, M.; Porras, C.; Romero, B.; Maroto, L.... (2014). Estudio multicéntrico español para la predicción del riesgo perioperatorio de accidente cerebrovascular tras cirugía de bypass coronario aislada: el modelo PACK2. Cirugia Cardiovascular. 21(3):175-180. doi:10.1016/j.circv.2014.02.009S17518021

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. Methods: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015. Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years, 65 to 80 years, and = 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. Results: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 = 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients =80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%, 65 years; 20.5%, 65-79 years; 31.3%, =80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%, <65 years;30.1%, 65-79 years;34.7%, =80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%, =80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age = 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI = 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88), and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared, the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. Conclusion: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age = 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI), and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project

The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity